GDPRov - The GDPR Provenance Ontology
- Title
- GDPRov - The GDPR Provenance Ontology
- URI
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#
- Version
- 0.7
The following evaluation results have been generated by the RESTFul web service provided by OOPS! (OntOlogy Pitfall Scanner!).
It is obvious that not all the pitfalls are equally important; their impact in the ontology will depend on multiple factors. For this reason, each pitfall has an importance level attached indicating how important it is. We have identified three levels:
- Critical
- It is crucial to correct the pitfall. Otherwise, it could affect the ontology consistency, reasoning, applicability, etc.
- Important
- Though not critical for ontology function, it is important to correct this type of pitfall.
- Minor
- It is not really a problem, but by correcting it we will make the ontology nicer.
Evaluation results
A class whose name refers to two or more different concepts is created.
This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:
This pitfall consists in creating an ontology element and failing to provide human readable annotations attached to it. Consequently, ontology elements lack annotation properties that label them (e.g. rdfs:label, lemon:LexicalEntry, skos:prefLabel or skos:altLabel) or that define them (e.g. rdfs:comment or dc:description). This pitfall is related to the guidelines provided in [5].
This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#MultiStep
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EmptyCollection
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#UserOutputStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#DataStepWithoutProvenance
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#invalidatesData
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#AutomatedStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRtEXT#LawfulBasisForProcessing
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isStepOfPlan
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#Variable
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#hasSharedDataWith
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#HandleSAR
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#Bundle
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isOutputVarOf
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadMember
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#wasSharedWithThirdParty
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isPartOfProcess
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPrimarySource
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#refersToProcess
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectedDataFromAgent
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectsDataFromAgent
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#hasInputVar
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#correspondsToStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#hasLegalBasis
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#Step
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influenced
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#UserInteractionStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#DataTransferStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectedConsentFromAgent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#UserInputStep
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInvalidatedBy
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectsConsentFromAgent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#correspondsToVariable
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isDecomposedAsPlan
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidated
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#DataTransferActivity
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isGeneratedByStep
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isVariableOfPlan
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#Entity
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isInputVarOf
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#transfersDataToRegion
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#hasOutputVar
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isAnonymisedByStep
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isConsentAgreementTemplateForStep
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Location
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#sharesDataWith
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#involvesAgent
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#transferredDataToRegion
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isDataCollectedByStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isUsedByStep
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#Plan
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isTermsAndConditionsForStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isDataGeneratedBy
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#wasSharedBy
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isSubPlanOfPlan
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isJustificationForDataStep
Object and/or datatype properties without domain or range (or none of them) are included in the ontology.
This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#hasLegalBasis
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isUsedByStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#wasSharedBy
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#transfersDataToRegion
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isDataCollectedByStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isTermsAndConditionsForStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isGeneratedByStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#refersToProcess
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isAnonymisedByStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#transferredDataToRegion
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influenced
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isConsentAgreementTemplateForStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#involvesAgent
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isPartOfProcess
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isJustificationForDataStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isDataGeneratedBy
This pitfall appears when any relationship (except for those that are defined as symmetric properties using owl:SymmetricProperty) does not have an inverse relationship (owl:inverseOf) defined within the ontology.
This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#transferredDataToRegion
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#sharesDataWith
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#involvesAgent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isVariableOfPlan
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#correspondsToStep
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#transfersDataToRegion
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInvalidation
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isPrecededBy
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#invalidatesData
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isStepOfPlan
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#wasSharedWithThirdParty
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#correspondsToVariable
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadGeneration
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isDecomposedAsPlan
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectsConsentFromAgent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#usesConsentAgreement
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#hasSharedDataWith
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#refersToProcess
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadMember
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#hasAnonymityLevel
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedPrimarySource
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectedDataFromAgent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectsDataFromAgent
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#collectedConsentFromAgent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDelegation
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#isPartOfProcess
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInfluence
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#hasLegalBasis
- https://w3id.org/GDPRov#archivesConsentAs
- http://purl.org/net/p-plan#isSubPlanOfPlan
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation
The domain or range (or both) of a property (relationships and attributes) is defined by stating more than one rdfs:domain or rdfs:range statements. In OWL multiple rdfs:domain or rdfs:range axioms are allowed, but they are interpreted as conjunction, being, therefore, equivalent to the construct owl:intersectionOf. This pitfall is related to the common error that appears when defining domains and ranges described in [7].
This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:
References:
- [1] Gómez-Pórez, A. Ontology Evaluation. Handbook on Ontologies. S. Staab and R. Studer Editors. Springer. International Handbooks on Information Systems. Pp: 251-274. 2004.
- [2] Noy, N.F., McGuinness. D. L. Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. Technical Report SMI-2001-0880, Standford Medical Informatics. 2001.
- [3] Rector, A., Drummond, N., Horridge, M., Rogers, J., Knublauch, H., Stevens, R.,; Wang, H., Wroe, C. ''Owl pizzas: Practical experience of teaching owl-dl: Common errors and common patterns''. In Proc. of EKAW 2004, pp: 63-81. Springer. 2004.
- [4] Hogan, A., Harth, A., Passant, A., Decker, S., Polleres, A. Weaving the Pedantic Web. Linked Data on the Web Workshop LDOW2010 at WWW2010 (2010).
- [5] Archer, P., Goedertier, S., and Loutas, N. D7.1.3 - Study on persistent URIs, with identification of best practices and recommendations on the topic for the MSs and the EC. Deliverable. December 17, 2012.
- [6] Heath, T., Bizer, C.: Linked data: Evolving the Web into a global data space (1st edition). Morgan & Claypool (2011).